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Optimum temperature and duration for cold storage of flowers varies with crop, cultivar and harvest stages. Flowers like rose, carnation, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, aster, gerbera and tuberose store well between 2°-4°C for 5-15 days. Orchids and anthurium flowers store well between 7°-10°C for 7-10 days without affecting the normal quality.

Definitely the gains are meant primarily for the inventor. But depending on the product, relative gains to other market players would vary. For eg., if it is a product like essential drug, then though the inventor can claim a patent, the Government can take steps to ensure that the pricing of the medicine is regulated. Then, the potential benefits that can be realized is reduced for the innovator, manufacturers and traders in the general interest of public welfare (consumers).

Bent neck in rose occurs due to

  • Immature bud harvest.
  • Blocking the movement of water bvy air entry  in the xylem vessels.
  • Clogging of stem base by microbial growth.

 Bent neck can be prevented by

  • Optimum stage of harvest
  • Immediately after the dry storage, recut the stem base under water to remove the air from xylem vessels.
  • Clogging of stem base due to microbial growth can be prevented by lowering the pH of the holding solution or adding germicide into the holding solution.

<p>Release the predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri at the rate of 10/plant twice at 15 days interval on the appearance of the mealy bugs.</p>
 

The primary advantage of patenting is that it provides an incentive to the inventor of a product as it monetarily compensates the research efforts and costs involved in the development of the product. Furthermore, by acknowledging the uniqueness of an invention, patenting aims to foster more inventions.

Release the parasite Encarsia guadeloupae to control the spiraling whitefly.

Generally, a patent is granted for a period of 17-20 years.

Trichogramma spp. are released in the field in the form of parasitized eggs. Parasitized eggs are pasted on cards/papers and are made available as “tricho-card” commercially. Each tricho-card contains 20,000 parastized eggs. These cards are cut into small pieces containing about 500 parasitized eggs each and the pieces are distributed in the target field by tiening them at random places so as to distribute in the entire field. A weekly release of 40-60 thousand adults/ha is suggested to meet a total of 2.5 lakh adults/ha for effective control of target pest.

Dehydration methods of flowers are sun, shade, hot air oven, microwave oven, freeze drying and press drying.

An inventor has to submit all the details of his invention at the Regional Patent Offices in India. There are 4 patent offices at Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi. The Head Office is at Kolkata.

 

Fee Structure:

 

  • Supply a Xerox copy of the documents per page – Rs 10/-

 

  • Transmittal fee for international application – Rs 5000/-

 

  • Preparation of certified copy of priority document and the transmission of the same to the International Bureau – Rs 2000/-

 

  • National fee with respect to International application – Rs 300/- (in case of no or one priority) and a multiple of Rs 300/- (in case of every multiple priority).

Dichlorvos and Chlorlpyriphos can be used when the predator is released.

Shape, size, colour, texture and fragrance are the important parameters to be considered for dry flower quality.

There is an intense lobbying by the western nations to enforce the provisions of the 8th round of the GATT negotiations, specifically the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights, as they are faced with the concern of losing out of royalty realization due to non-uniformity of IPR laws among the different nations.

Apply Verticillium lecanni @ 3x108 spores/ml during winter and rainy seasons.

There are basically seven types of IPRs:

 

 

  • Patents  - are legally enforceable rights granted by virtue of law to a person, to exclude for a limited time, others from certain acts to a described invention.

 

  • Copyrights – are economic rights accorded to the artistic and literary works or any work that is expression of an idea. The authors can control all commercial activity with regard to the reproduction of the copyrighted product. It is increasingly being argued that copyright protection should be extended even to DNA sequences that have been developed by human intervention.

 

  • Trademarks – are rights accorded to the symbols, logos (visual or otherwise) identified with a product or service.

 

  • Appellations of origin (a.k.a Geographical indications): are rights that accrue to a product by virtue of it being identified as having originated from a specific geographical location. The geographical location imparts the competitive advantage to the product due to natural / human endowments. Eg. Darjeeling tea, Basmati rice. Such identification normally arises as a result of acceptance of these names in commercial trading.

 

  • Trade Secrets – are rights over any information or product that is kept secret. Eg: Chemical formulae, databases.

 

  • Industrial Designs – refers to protection of the visual appearance of industrial products, including appearance, circuits etc.

 

  • Plant Breeder’s Rights – rights to plant breeders to exclude others from using a novel variety developed by them. A unique feature of such rights is that it traditionally allowed for farmer’s privileges to re-use saved seeds of the protected variety on their farms, and the exemption given to breeders to work on such varieties to develop new varieties. This form of protection formally came about with the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) in Europe.