CROP WEATHER SITUATION
METEOROLOGICAL DATA OF
ICAR-INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH
HESSARAGHATTA LAKE P.O., BANGALORE – 560 089
Period: 1st to 15th April, 2024
Latitude : 13071 N Longitude : 720291E Altitude : 890 M
Fortnight |
Temperature (0C) |
Relative Humidity (%) |
Evaporation (mm) |
Wind speed (km/h) |
Total Rainfall (mm) Mean Max. |
||
Mean Max. |
Mean Min. |
Mean At 7.30AM |
Mean at 1.30 PM |
||||
April (1-15) 2024 |
35.70 |
18.85 |
68.07 |
27.93 |
9.46 |
5.10 |
0.00 |
(34.7) |
(18.7) |
(70.2) |
(33.6) |
(7.1) |
(3.9) |
(13.4) |
* Figures in the parentheses indicate the mean values during the corresponding period for the previous 5 years
- Fortnight from 1st to 15th April, 2024
During the first fortnight of the month i.e., 1st to 15th April, 2024, the mean maximum and minimum temperature increased by 1.23ºC and 1.29ºC respectively as compared to the previous fortnight. The mean maximum and minimum temperature increased by 0.6ºC and 1.2ºC respectively as compared to the mean values of the corresponding period for the previous five years. The percent relative humidity in the morning and in the afternoon decreased by 0.06% and 0.07% respectively as compared to the previous fortnight. There was no rainfall reported during this fortnight.
- Crop weather situation
Mean maximum temperature, evaporation and wind speed of the fortnight are higher than the average values of previous five years and no rainfall. Nutrient uptake is limited due to low soil moisture. Frequent protective irrigations are necessary for all crops and mulching should be done to reduce the evaporation losses of applied water.
- Incidence of insect pests
Under the prevailing weather situation, following pests are expected under Bangaluru conditions on different horticultural crops. Various management options for their management are mentioned below.
Mango fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
As the fruits had attained maturity stage, incidence of fruit fly is expected. For its management following management measures are suggested.
Management:
- Install methyl eugenol traps @ 6 /acre. Traps can be procured from IIHR or KVKs or firms licensed to manufacture IIHR traps.
- Collection and destruction of fallen fruits
- Bait splash on tree trunks with 10% jaggery solution mixed with deltamethrin 2.8EC (5ml/litre)
- Community approach at village level is recommended for the effective management of this pest
Mango Fruit Borer:
- Collect the fallen fruits at regular intervals and destroy or bury them in a pit
- First spray has to be given when fruits are at lemon size with any one of the insecticides viz., Lambda cyhalothrin 5EC @1ml/l or indoxacarb 14.5SC@ 0.75ml/l or spinetoram 11.7SC @ 1.25ml/l. This has to be followed by second spray after 12-15 days with a botanical pesticide, azadirachtin 10000ppm @2ml/l or IIHR neem soap @10g/l.
- In case of orchards following organic /non chemical farming, first spray can be taken up with either Bt@1ml /L or Azadirachtin 1% @2ml/l.
Grapes Flea Beetle: Incidence of flea beetle is expected on newly pruned vines.
Management
- Remove all loose bark
- Rake the soil in basin to expose grubs and pupae to sunlight
- At early bud sprout –spray of imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.3ml/L or Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.5ml/L
Grape thrips: On newly pruned grapes, thrips infestation on leaves is expected. Spray Metarhizium anisopliae formulation @ 2ml/L two times at weekly interval or fipronil 5SC @ 1.5 ml/L twice at fortnightly interval.
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis
Management :
- Release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 75,000 per week (for four weeks), if the incidence is moderate.
- Install pheromones traps in the field
- If the incidence is very severe for effective management spray Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 0.3 ml/l rotate with Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3g/liter followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.75 ml/litre.
Mites on tomato and Ridge gourd
- Rising temperatures favour mite multiplication. For the management of mites, spray spiromesifen 22.9SC @ 0.5ml/L or fenazaquin 10 EC @ 1.5ml/L at fortnight interval.
Black thrips on chilli (tentative management only):
- Black thrips incidence is increasing on chilli and capsicum; it is advised to farmers to raise seedlings under nylon mesh thrips proof conditions, use thrips free seedlings
- Barrier crop: sow maize all along the border 30 days before chilli transplantation
- Root dipping of the seedlings in imidacloprid 17.8 SL solution @ 0.5 ml per litre of water for one hour during transplanting
- After planting: regular alternate weekly spraying of imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.5ml/litre+ neem oil 2.5ml/litre, fipronil80WG@40g/acre, fipronil 40%+ imidacloprid 40%@40g/acre, Cyantraniliprole10 OD@240ml/acre, acetamiprid20SP@40g/acre, spirotetramat150 OD@160ml/acre, pongamia oil 2.5ml/litre
Or
- Spray twice @ minimum 15 days interval in a crop cycle, isocycloseram 9.2% (w/w DC) +Iisocycloseram10% (w/v DC) * @ 1.2ml/liter
- Every 15 days interval (depending upon the outbreak) chlropyrifos 50EC (2.5ml/l) soil drenching is required to kill pupa that are in soil.
- Note: none of these chemicals are approved by CIBRC except isocyloseram
*CIBRC label claim available
Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae on rose
Management:
- During the period, severe incidence of mites is observed on roses grown under polyhouse conditions. Spray abamectin 1.9EC @ 0.5 ml/l or fenazaquin 10 EC @ 1.5ml/L at fortnight interval for their management.
- Disease scenario
Disease scenario in relation to the weather data during second fortnight of March, 2024.
Fruit crops:
Mango
- Prevailing dry conditions predisposes trees to attack by gummosis/ stem bleeding disease. Give protective irrigation and apply Bordeaux paste on collar region.
Vegetable crops:
Solanaceous vegetables
- Bacterial wilt severity increases under prevailing high temperature conditions in Brinjal, tomato and sweet pepper. To manage this disease, soil drench with copper oxychloride 50% WP @3.0 g/L. Avoid root injury during intercultural operations.
Chilli
- Chilli leaf curl severity increases with prevailing dry weather. To manage sucking insect vectors of this disease give foliar spray of Neem oil (Azadirachtin 10000ppm) @2ml/L or spinosad @ 0.25ml/L. It should be followed by foliar spray with sea weed extract Sagarika @2 ml per litre
Flower Crops:
Chrysanthemum
- Fusarium wilt occurs in chrysanthemum under prevailing conditions. To manage this disease soil drench with carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L.
Crop Specific Advisory:
S. No |
Crop |
Crop- weather situation |
1 |
Rose |
Leaves are drying and Thrips infestation increased. Needs spray of systemic insecticide. |
2 |
Marigold |
Flowers become small due to heat and mites infestation increases. Miticide to be sprayed |
3 |
Tuberose |
Thrips infestation increases due to high temperature systemic insecticide spray needs to be taken. |
4 |
Gladiolus |
Thrips infestation increases due to high temperature systemic insecticide spray needs to be given. |
5 |
Crossandra |
Diagnosis for incidence of Fusarium wilt and taking up of prophylactic measures (spraying of systemic insecticide). |
6 |
Gerbera |
Temporary shade may be created for the open field grown gerbera. Ensure irrigation be assured at least twice a week. |
7 |
Dahlia |
Ensure irrigation be assured at least twice a week. |
8 |
Jasmine |
Blossom midge/ bud worms would pose a problem. Prophylactic sprays of systemic insecticide can be taken up. Ensure sufficient soil moisture through regular irrigation. |
9 |
Medicinal crops |
Mealy bug infestation in Gymnema. Preventive measures may be taken. |